Nanotechnology: Understanding the Science Behind the Small
Summary
In this article, we explore the world of nanotechnology, which is the study of objects between 1 and 100 nanometers in size. We learn about the unique properties of nanomaterials and the scanning tunneling microscope that allows scientists to see and move atoms to build things. We also discuss the impact of nanotechnology on modern technology, particularly in the development of computer chips, and the importance of understanding quantum mechanics to delve deeper into nanomaterials and nanoscale devices.
Table of Contents
- Understanding Nanotechnology
- The Impact of Nanotechnology on Modern Technology
- Properties of Nanotechnology
- The Potential of Quantum Dots and Nanotubes
- Conclusion
Understanding Nanotechnology
George Tlefsk, a research scientist at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, explains nanotechnology to Bell in five levels of increasing complexity. Nanotechnology is the study of objects between 1 and 100 nanometers in size, which have unique properties that differ from objects at a macroscopic scale. The goal of nanotechnologists is to understand these materials and properties to build new technologies. George explains the concept of nanometers, atoms, and the scanning tunneling microscope that lets scientists see and move atoms to build things.
The Impact of Nanotechnology on Modern Technology
Nanotechnology has many practical applications like fast computers, new types of batteries, and solar cells. The author discusses the impact of nanotechnology on modern technology, particularly in the development of computer chips. The use of transistors, which are tiny switches that turn on and off using an electric field, has enabled the creation of complex circuits that perform computations and logic. However, as devices got smaller, the gate that controls the channel lost its ability to function, leading to the development of thin transistor fins that are only six nanometers wide. These devices are produced using lithography, a process that involves coating a silicon wafer with a polymer and shining light through a mask to determine the feature size of the chip. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding quantum mechanics to delve deeper into nanomaterials and nanoscale devices.
Properties of Nanotechnology
The text discusses the properties of nanotechnology and how the size and orientation of devices can affect their properties. The focus is on quantum dots, which are small clusters of atoms that can be used for diode lasers, displays, imaging, and therapeutic work. The size of quantum dots can be changed to alter their band gap and optical properties. Graphene, a one-atom-thick material, can be rolled up to create nanotubes with different properties. Nanotubes can be grown using a chemical vapor deposition process, and their diameter can be controlled by saturating nanocrystals with carbon.
The Potential of Quantum Dots and Nanotubes
While the optical applications of quantum dots are in development, the health-related applications are further out due to the need to consider toxic materials. The potential of nanotubes is also discussed, particularly in their use as transistors and in the development of nanoelectronics.
Conclusion
In conclusion, nanotechnology is a field that holds great promise for the future of technology. The unique properties of nanomaterials and the ability to manipulate atoms at the nanoscale offer exciting possibilities for the development of new technologies. As our understanding of quantum mechanics deepens, we can expect to see even more breakthroughs in this field.
